Degree-Day Fuel Estimate

Excel Formulas › HVAC & Field Service

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Heating degree days (HDD) measure how cold a period was. Fuel use scales with degree days, so last season’s usage per degree day predicts this season’s — for budgets and tank-fill timing.


Quick formula: projected fuel from degree days:
=fuel_per_hdd * forecast_hdd
Last season's fuel-per-degree-day times the forecast degree days projects usage. Great for budgeting and refills.

The example

0.42 gal/HDD, 4,500 HDD forecast.

AB
1ItemValue
20.42 × 4500—
3Fuel→ ~1,890 gal

The formula

The formula:

=fuel_per_hdd * forecast_hdd // fuel per degree day × forecast HDD

How it works

How it works:

  1. Fuel per HDD = last season’s fuel ÷ that season’s degree days — your home’s heating rate.
  2. Multiply by the forecast HDD for projected usage.
  3. Use it for budget (gallons × price) and refill timing.
  4. A degree day = each degree the daily mean is below 65°F, summed over days.

Degree days turn weather into a usage forecast. Because heating fuel tracks how cold it is, dividing last winter’s fuel by that winter’s degree days gives a stable gallons-per-HDD rate for the building — then any HDD forecast (or a normal-year baseline) projects this winter’s need. It’s how oil dealers schedule automatic deliveries and how you budget a season without guessing. Recompute the rate after any efficiency upgrade.

Try it: interactive demo

Live demo

Fuel per HDD and forecast HDD (price optional).

Fuel · Cost

Variations

Fuel per HDD (calibrate)

From last season:

=last_fuel / last_season_hdd

Season cost

Gallons × price:

=fuel_per_hdd * forecast_hdd * price_per_gallon

Days to refill

Tank ÷ daily use:

=tank_gallons / (fuel_per_hdd * avg_daily_hdd)

Pitfalls & errors

Calibrate the rate. Use the building’s own fuel-per-HDD history.

Recompute after upgrades. New equipment changes the rate.

HDD base. Standard base is 65°F — be consistent.

Practice workbook

📊
Download the free Degree-Day Fuel Estimate practice workbook
A degree-day sheet with the calibrate, season-cost, and refill variants, plus 4 challenges with answers. No sign-up required.

Frequently asked questions

How do I estimate fuel from degree days in Excel?
Fuel per HDD times forecast HDD: =fuel_per_hdd * forecast_hdd. 0.42 gal/HDD over 4,500 HDD is ~1,890 gallons.
How do I find fuel per degree day?
Last season's fuel over its degree days: =last_fuel / last_season_hdd.
What's a heating degree day?
Each degree the daily mean temperature is below 65°F, summed over the days.

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