Markup vs Margin: Calculate Both in Excel

Excel Formulas › Business

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Markup and margin use the same dollars of profit but different denominators — and confusing them is a classic pricing mistake. Here is both, plus the conversion.


Quick formula: Markup divides profit by cost; margin divides profit by price:
=(Price-Cost)/Cost

Margin is =(Price-Cost)/Price. Same profit, different base.

Functions used (tap for the full reference guide):

The example

An item costs $60 and sells for $100. The profit is $40 either way — but the percentages differ.

AB
1ItemValue
2Cost$60
3Price$100
4Markup66.7%
5Margin40.0%

The formula

Both start from the same profit (price minus cost); only the denominator changes:

=(B3-B2)/B2 // markup = profit ÷ cost

How it works

The crucial difference:

  1. Profit is the same both ways: $100 − $60 = $40.
  2. Markup divides profit by cost: $40 ÷ $60 = 66.7%. It answers 'how much did I add on top of cost?'
  3. Margin divides profit by price: $40 ÷ $100 = 40%. It answers 'what share of the sale is profit?'
  4. Margin is always the smaller number because price is larger than cost.

To convert: margin = markup / (1 + markup) and markup = margin / (1 − margin).

Try it: interactive demo

Interactive

Enter cost and price; see both markup and margin side by side.

Variations

Price from cost and target margin

Back into a price that hits a margin goal.

=Cost/(1-TargetMargin)

Price from cost and target markup

Or set price by markup instead.

=Cost*(1+TargetMarkup)

Pitfalls & errors

Pricing for a 40% markup when you meant a 40% margin leaves money on the table — a 40% margin needs a 66.7% markup.

Decide which one your business talks in and label the column clearly so nobody mixes them up.

Practice workbook

📊
Download the free Markup vs Margin (and How to Convert) practice workbook
Edit the yellow cost and price; markup and margin recalculate.

Frequently asked questions

Which is bigger, markup or margin?
Markup is always the larger percentage because it divides by the smaller number (cost) rather than the price.
How do I convert markup to margin?
Margin = markup ÷ (1 + markup). A 66.7% markup converts to a 40% margin.
Which should I price with?
Either works as long as you are consistent. Retailers often think in markup; finance reports usually use margin.

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Related formulas: Break-even units

Function references: ROUNDIF