Tenant Rent-to-Income Ratio

Excel Formulas › Property Management

All versionsIF

Screening tenants, landlords check the rent-to-income ratio — rent as a share of gross income, or its inverse, the income multiple. A common bar is rent ≤ 30% of income, or income ≥ 3× rent.


Quick formula: rent as a share of monthly income:
=monthly_rent / monthly_income
Rent over gross monthly income. The inverse, income ÷ rent, is the income multiple (often required ≥ 3).

Functions used (tap for the full reference guide):

The example

$1,500 rent, $5,200 income.

AB
1ItemValue
21500 / 5200—
3Ratio→ ~28.8%

The formula

The formula:

=monthly_rent / monthly_income // rent ÷ income

How it works

How it works:

  1. Rent-to-income = monthly rent ÷ gross monthly income.
  2. The income multiple is the inverse: income ÷ rent (a 3× rule means ≤ 33%).
  3. Flag with IF: pass if ratio ≤ threshold (commonly 30–35%).
  4. Use gross income consistently, and combine multiple applicants’ incomes if co-signing.

The 3× rule and the 30% rule are the same line stated two ways. Requiring income ≥ 3× rent is the same as rent ≤ 33% of income. Pick one convention and apply it uniformly to every applicant — consistency matters legally and operationally. Combine co-applicants’ gross incomes for the denominator when they’re jointly responsible. This is illustrative screening math, not legal or fair-housing advice.

Try it: interactive demo

Live demo

Monthly rent and income.

Ratio · Multiple

Variations

Income multiple

Inverse ratio:

=monthly_income / monthly_rent

Qualify flag

Pass the screen:

=IF(monthly_rent/monthly_income <= 0.3, "Pass", "Review")

Max qualifying rent

From income:

=monthly_income * max_ratio

Pitfalls & errors

Gross income. Use gross, not net, consistently.

Same units. Monthly rent with monthly income.

Fair housing. Apply criteria uniformly — not legal advice.

Practice workbook

📊
Download the free Tenant Rent-to-Income Ratio practice workbook
A rent-to-income sheet with the multiple, qualify-flag, and max-rent variants, plus 4 challenges with answers. No sign-up required.

Frequently asked questions

How do I calculate rent-to-income ratio in Excel?
Divide rent by gross monthly income: =monthly_rent / monthly_income. $1,500 on $5,200 is ~28.8%.
What's the income multiple?
The inverse: =monthly_income / monthly_rent. A 3× requirement equals a 33% ratio.
What's the max rent someone qualifies for?
Multiply income by the max ratio: =monthly_income * max_ratio.

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Related formulas: Gross-to-net pay · Debt service coverage ratio · Rental yield

Function references: IF