INTERCEPT Function

Excel Functions › Statistical

All versions Statistical

The Excel INTERCEPT function returns the point where a least-squares regression line crosses the y-axis — the predicted y when x equals zero. Pair it with SLOPE to build the line y = SLOPE·x + INTERCEPT.


Quick answer:
=INTERCEPT({2,3,9,1,8},{6,5,11,7,5}) y-intercept of the regression line ≈ 0.048

Syntax

=INTERCEPT(known_ys, known_xs)
ArgumentDescription
known_ysRequiredThe dependent set of observations or data (the y-values).
known_xsRequiredThe independent set of observations or data (the x-values). Must be the same size as known_ys.

How to use it

INTERCEPT fits the same least-squares line that SLOPE and TREND use, then reports where that line meets the y-axis (x = 0).

=INTERCEPT({2,3,9,1,8},{6,5,11,7,5}) // ≈ 0.048
=SLOPE({2,3,9,1,8},{6,5,11,7,5}) // ≈ 0.669

Note the argument order: y-values come first, then x-values — the reverse of how you usually read “y vs x”. The two ranges must contain the same number of points; text and blanks in matching positions are ignored.

Full regression in one shot: LINEST returns the slope and intercept together (plus error statistics). INTERCEPT and SLOPE just pull out the two coefficients individually.

Try it: interactive demo

Live demo

Pick a INTERCEPT example to see the formula and its result.

Result:

Practice workbook

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Frequently asked questions

What does INTERCEPT actually compute?
It fits a least-squares straight line through your (x, y) points and returns the y-value where that line crosses the y-axis — i.e. the predicted y when x = 0.
What order do the arguments go in?
Known y-values first, then known x-values: =INTERCEPT(known_ys, known_xs). This is the opposite of the usual spoken order, so it is easy to swap by mistake.
How is INTERCEPT related to SLOPE?
Together they define the regression line: y = SLOPE·x + INTERCEPT. SLOPE gives the line's steepness; INTERCEPT gives its starting height at x = 0.
Why does INTERCEPT return #DIV/0! or an error?
It errors if the x-values have zero variance (all the same), if the two ranges differ in size, or if there are fewer than the points needed to fit a line. Equal-sized numeric ranges with some spread in x avoid this.

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Related functions: SLOPE · TREND · LINEST · FORECAST.LINEAR · RSQ