Customer Lifetime Value (E-commerce)

Excel Formulas › E-commerce & Marketing

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CLV estimates a customer’s total worth: average order value times purchase frequency times the customer lifespan (and margin for profit). It sets how much you can spend to acquire.


Quick formula: CLV from AOV, frequency, and lifespan:
=AOV * purchases_per_year * lifespan_years
Average order value times orders per year times years retained gives lifetime revenue.

The example

$80 AOV, 3/yr, 4 years.

AB
1ItemValue
2AOV × freq × years—
380 × 3 × 4→ $960

The formula

The formula:

=AOV * purchases_per_year * lifespan_years // AOV × frequency × lifespan

How it works

How it works:

  1. Multiply AOV × purchase frequency × lifespan for lifetime revenue.
  2. Multiply by gross margin for lifetime profit — the figure to compare with CAC.
  3. Estimate lifespan from repeat/churn: 1 / (1 - repeat_rate).
  4. A healthy CLV : CAC ratio is often 3 or more.

CLV sets the acquisition budget. If lifetime profit is $384 ($960 revenue × 40% margin) and you target a 3:1 CLV:CAC, you can spend up to ~$128 to acquire a customer. CLV without margin overstates what you can afford — always compare profit CLV to CAC, not revenue CLV.

Try it: interactive demo

Live demo

AOV, orders/year, lifespan, margin.

Revenue CLV · Profit CLV

Variations

Profit CLV

× margin:

=AOV * frequency * lifespan * gross_margin

Lifespan from repeat rate

Expected years:

=1 / (1 - repeat_rate)

Max CAC at 3:1

Spend ceiling:

=profit_CLV / 3

Pitfalls & errors

Profit, not revenue, vs CAC. Multiply by margin before comparing to acquisition cost.

Lifespan is an estimate. Derive it from repeat/churn, not a guess.

Discount long horizons. Far-future value is worth less today.

Practice workbook

📊
Download the free Customer Lifetime Value (E-commerce) practice workbook
A CLV sheet with the profit-CLV, lifespan, and max-CAC variants, plus 4 challenges with answers. No sign-up required.

Frequently asked questions

How do I calculate customer lifetime value in Excel?
Multiply AOV × purchases per year × lifespan: =AOV * purchases_per_year * lifespan_years for lifetime revenue.
How do I get profit CLV?
Multiply by gross margin: =AOV * frequency * lifespan * gross_margin — the figure to compare with CAC.
How much can I spend to acquire a customer?
At a 3:1 target, up to profit_CLV / 3.

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Related formulas: Donor lifetime value · Customer acquisition cost · Repeat purchase rate