The Excel MDETERM function returns the matrix determinant of a square array — a single number that tells you whether a matrix can be inverted and how it scales area or volume.
Syntax
| Argument | Description | |
|---|---|---|
array | Required | A square numeric range or array constant (same number of rows as columns). In an array constant, commas separate columns and semicolons separate rows. |
How to use it
MDETERM works on a square matrix — 2×2, 3×3, and so on. It returns one scalar, so you can type it in a single cell with no spilling.
The determinant is the key test for invertibility: if MDETERM returns 0, the matrix is singular and MINVERSE cannot invert it. A non-zero determinant means an inverse exists.
Must be square. If the array has an unequal number of rows and columns — or any cell is blank or text — MDETERM returns #VALUE!. Tiny floating-point dust (like 1E-16) can appear instead of an exact 0 for nearly-singular matrices.
Try it: interactive demo
Pick a MDETERM example to see the formula and its result.
Practice workbook
Frequently asked questions
What does the determinant tell me?
Why does MDETERM return a #VALUE! error?
How do I write a matrix as an array constant?
{1,2;3,4} is the 2×2 matrix with rows 1,2 and 3,4.Why do I get a tiny number instead of exactly 0?
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