QUARTILE Function

Excel Functions › Compatibility

All versions (legacy) Compatibility

The Excel QUARTILE function returns the quartile of a data set (minimum, 25%, median, 75%, maximum). It is a legacy name — Microsoft now recommends QUARTILE.INC, which uses the same inclusive method.


Quick answer:
=QUARTILE({1,2,4,7,8,9,10,12},1) first quartile = 3.5

Syntax

=QUARTILE(array, quart)
ArgumentDescription
arrayRequiredThe range or array constant of numeric values.
quartRequiredWhich quartile: 0 = min, 1 = 25th percentile, 2 = median, 3 = 75th percentile, 4 = max.

How to use it

QUARTILE splits sorted data into four equal parts. The quart argument selects which boundary you want.

=QUARTILE({1,2,4,7,8,9,10,12},1) // Q1 = 3.5
=QUARTILE({1,2,4,7,8,9,10,12},2) // median = 7.5

QUARTILE uses the inclusive method (the endpoints 0% and 100% are the actual min and max), which interpolates between data points — that is why Q1 above lands at 3.5 rather than on a value in the list.

Use the modern names: QUARTILE.INC matches QUARTILE exactly, while QUARTILE.EXC offers an exclusive variant (quart 1–3 only). New workbooks should use one of those.

Try it: interactive demo

Live demo

Pick a QUARTILE example to see the formula and its result.

Result:

Practice workbook

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Frequently asked questions

Is QUARTILE the same as QUARTILE.INC?
Yes — QUARTILE.INC (Excel 2010+) uses the identical inclusive interpolation method and returns the same values. QUARTILE.EXC is a different, exclusive variant.
What does the quart argument mean?
0 = minimum, 1 = first quartile (25%), 2 = median (50%), 3 = third quartile (75%), 4 = maximum.
Why is the quartile a value not actually in my data?
The inclusive method interpolates between sorted points, so a quartile often falls between two values — that is expected, not an error.
Should I switch to QUARTILE.INC?
For new work, yes — it is the supported name. If you specifically need the exclusive definition, use QUARTILE.EXC instead.

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Related functions: QUARTILE.INC · QUARTILE.EXC · PERCENTILE.INC · MEDIAN · PERCENTRANK.INC