QUARTILE.INC Function

Excel Functions › Statistical

Excel 2010+ Statistical

The Excel QUARTILE.INC function returns a quartile of a data set using the inclusive method — the value that splits the data at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%. It is the modern replacement for the legacy QUARTILE.


Quick answer:
=QUARTILE.INC({1,2,4,7,8,9,10,12},1) first quartile = 3.5

Syntax

=QUARTILE.INC(array, quart)
ArgumentDescription
arrayRequiredThe range or array of numeric data.
quartRequiredWhich quartile to return: 0 = minimum, 1 = first quartile (25%), 2 = median, 3 = third quartile (75%), 4 = maximum.

How to use it

QUARTILE.INC reports the cut points that divide sorted data into four equal parts. The quart argument selects which one, from 0 (minimum) to 4 (maximum). It is a convenient wrapper around PERCENTILE.INC at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.

=QUARTILE.INC({1,2,4,7,8,9,10,12},1) // Q1 = 3.5
=QUARTILE.INC({1,2,4,7,8,9,10,12},2) // median = 7.5

The INC (inclusive) method includes the endpoints, so quart=0 returns the smallest value and quart=4 the largest. When a quartile lands between two data points, Excel interpolates linearly.

INC vs EXC: QUARTILE.INC matches the legacy QUARTILE and is the default choice. QUARTILE.EXC uses the exclusive method and returns slightly different inner quartiles — e.g. Q1 of 2.5 instead of 3.5 for the same data.

Try it: interactive demo

Live demo

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Result:

Practice workbook

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Frequently asked questions

What do the quart values 0 to 4 mean?
0 = minimum, 1 = first quartile (25th percentile), 2 = median (50th), 3 = third quartile (75th), 4 = maximum. Any other value returns an error.
How is QUARTILE.INC different from QUARTILE.EXC?
INC uses the inclusive percentile method (positions via k×(n-1)+1) and matches the legacy QUARTILE; EXC uses the exclusive method (k×(n+1)) and returns different inner quartiles. For the sample data Q1 is 3.5 under INC and 2.5 under EXC.
Is QUARTILE.INC the same as the old QUARTILE?
Yes — they return identical results. QUARTILE is kept as a Compatibility function; QUARTILE.INC is the current name introduced in Excel 2010.
What does QUARTILE.INC with quart = 2 return?
The median — the same as the MEDIAN function. For {1,2,4,7,8,9,10,12} that is 7.5.

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Related functions: QUARTILE.EXC · PERCENTILE.INC · MEDIAN · PERCENTILE.EXC · PERCENTRANK.INC